Scope
The construction of a 4.7km gravity trunk sewer main 
consisting of trenching and micro-tunnelling methods.
Project Summary
The WGTSM project is the construction of a 4.7km gravity trunk sewer main 
consisting of trenching and micro-tunnelling methods. The project location is 
Brookwater to Goodna, approximately 25km Southwest of Brisbane CBD. Half the 
project zone is in a residential setting and half green-field. Thiess was 
engaged as project surveyors from the early stages of design, right through 
construction.
The Challenge
In the early design 
phase, site engineers and project managers were finding it hard to relate the 
new design changes to real world locations. Because many of the new manhole 
positions involved green-field locations, it was hard to relate this to the 
ground. Often they would require survey to travel to site and set out the new 
design locations even though they did not require survey accuracy for the 
purpose of walk through assessments. This was not cost effective, so a solution 
was sought.
The Solution
It is said the best ideas 
are often the simplest. As intermediate users of 12d Model, Thiess didn’t want 
to ‘reinvent the wheel’, so they combined existing options. While not needing 
complex 12d functionality, they were still able to use 12d in an innovative way 
to solve the problem.
They simply output their 12d design data to a .kml 
format so the data can be viewed within Google Earth on smart phones on site 
using the phones’ location capabilities. This allows engineers and designers to 
view design options on the ground without the need for survey to pinpoint 
locations for them.
To streamline the process, they made a toolbar that 
runs a .slf of a Helmert 2d Transformation that moves the data from the site 
coordinate system to MGA94 and then another .slf that outputs to kml. Hence, 
with 2 clicks they have a file ready to be viewed in Google Earth which can then 
be email off to selected recipients. This can be achieved form their survey 
office without the need for any field visits.
Some benefits over 
conventional handheld GPS include:
• Handheld GPS units do not allow this 
instantaneous upload of design and design changes from 12d Model 
• Handheld 
GPS units have sky-view limitations where modern smartphones can augment the 
positioning with network solutions allowing use in areas of dense vegetation and 
difficult topography beyond the reach of GPS
• Most engineers and 
construction managers have a smart phone
When a design change occurs, 
they can have the new design in the site personnel’s pockets within minutes and 
opened in Google Earth. The use of a 12d screen layout file makes this a much 
faster process with and also eliminates the chance of gross errors or typos.
By using the location features on their phones (GPS and phone network 
location), they can ‘walk’ through the site and see the new design planning and 
moving on their screen.
The only limitations here are the accuracies of 
each phone’s location capabilities, but checks have found they were usually 
within 2.0m. This is more than enough to allow the site personnel to see if the 
design is viable and will ‘work’ in the field.
There are mobile .dwg 
viewers on the market, but these don’t allow the user to relate it to the 
ground, so that is why this 12d to .kml option is vastly superior.
Smart 
phones (or even Android/Apple tablets) are becoming common as an everyday 
business tool. They will be implementing this 12d to kml viewing on all our 
construction sites in the future.
This process has only been used to date 
on Android system smart phones running the Google Earth application and an 
additional app called KMLZ to Earth which allows KML files to be viewed in 
mobile Google Earth. The iPhone is fully compatible but has not been used by 
Thiess. Both apps are available free from the Marketplace.
The Result
A Senior Engineer from the project stated, 
“The ability to not only view the design data but view it in real world is 
incredibly beneficial. This really needs to be experienced to fully grasp how 
useful this concept is and realise its full potential.” 
                                                            
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